How to deal with electrical fires - Solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network

Probe domestic switch needle KG-300K, with a head diameter of 3.0mm, is a normally open switch needle.

100V, 250mA, surface mount, high-speed switching diode.

Single-chip microcontroller STM32L151CCU6.

Photocoupler.

(1) Power off the fire. When an electrical device catches fire or ignites nearby flammable materials, it's crucial to cut off the power supply first. In indoor situations, the main switch should be turned off as soon as possible, and appropriate fire extinguishing equipment should be used promptly. For outdoor high-voltage lines that catch fire, contact the substation or power supply station immediately to cut off the electricity.

Important precautions when cutting off power: 1. Choose the correct location for the power source to avoid unexpected interruptions after turning it off. 2. Ensure the power source is near the support structure in the direction of the power flow to prevent wires from falling to the ground and causing short circuits or electric shocks. 3. Cut the live and neutral wires at different points to avoid creating a line segment. 4. When operating a knife switch, use an insulated lever or gloves to avoid direct contact, especially in electrical rooms where smoke may reduce insulation. Wet hands or sweat during firefighting can increase the risk of electric shock. 5. Turn off motors and magnetic switches by using a button to stop the motor before pulling the switch, preventing arc damage due to load.

(2) Firefighting while powered on. Live fire fighting refers to extinguishing fires while the power remains on, which is often a dangerous situation. Waiting for the power to be cut off may lead to missed opportunities and increased danger. In cases where cutting off power would severely affect production or safety, it may be necessary to quickly control the fire using minimal power. However, this must be done with strict safety measures in place for firefighters.

Safety measures for live fire fighting: 1. Do not use conductive extinguishers like water jets or foam; instead, use non-conductive options such as carbon dioxide, 1211, dry powder, or tetrachloroethylene. These are safe for most electrical fires but have limited range. Firefighters should wear fire-resistant gear, insulated gloves, and boots to avoid electric shocks. In special cases, only trained personnel should use water-based methods after taking proper precautions. 2. Be cautious of the surroundings to avoid direct contact with live parts or getting too close to charged objects, especially high voltage. To prevent step voltage shocks, avoid entering areas where a live conductor has fallen to the ground—wear insulated boots if necessary. 3. For fires involving oil-filled electrical equipment, such as transformers or oil switches, cover the flames with dry sand. If the container is intact, use CO₂, 1211, or dry powder extinguishers from a safe distance (at least 2 meters). If the fire is large and threatens other equipment, cut off the power and use large amounts of foam to contain the fire. Drain spilled oil into an emergency tank and use oil-repellent systems to prevent spread. Avoid oil entering cable trenches. 4. For fires in rotating electrical equipment, spray water to cool evenly, or use CO₂, 1211, or dry powder. Never use sand, as it can damage internal components and cause further issues.