Foreword
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The car transmission is the basis of the car driving. The function of the car transmission system transmits the power output from the engine to the driving wheel, so that the car generates motion. The vehicle transmission system is composed of a clutch, a transmission, a transmission shaft, a speed reducer, a differential, a half shaft, and the like, and the all-wheel drive vehicle further includes a transfer case. According to the power source and transmission mode, the vehicle transmission system is divided into four types. In order to better understand the vehicle transmission system, this article introduces you to the principle of automobile transmission and the classification of transmission system.
1, the principle of automotive transmission
Automobile transmission principle: The vehicle power system provides power, and the power is transmitted to the rear drive wheel through the transmission system. The transmission system cooperates with the power system to realize the normal driving of the vehicle under different conditions. In order to adapt to the different requirements of the car, the drive train should have the specific functions of deceleration, twisting, shifting, reversing the car, interrupting the power transmission, and rotating the driving wheels on both sides.
2, automotive transmission system classification
Mechanical drive train
The mechanical drive train has a simple structure and reliable operation, and is widely used in various types of automobiles. Its basic composition and working principle: the engine's power is transmitted to the rear drive wheel via the clutch, transmission, universal joint, drive shaft, final drive, differential and half shaft. And with the engine to ensure that the car can run under different conditions. In order to adapt to the different requirements of the car, the drive train should have the specific functions of deceleration, twisting, shifting, reversing the car, interrupting the power transmission, and rotating the driving wheels on both sides.
Hydraulic drive train
The hydraulic drive train combines hydraulic and mechanical forces to transmit power. In automobiles, hydraulic transmission generally refers to liquid transmission, that is, using liquid as the transmission medium, and utilizing the change of kinetic energy during circulation of the liquid between the active element and the driven element to transmit power. The hydrodynamic transmission has two types: a fluid coupling and a torque converter. The hydraulic coupling can only transmit torque, but can not change the torque. It can replace some functions of the clutch, that is, ensure the smooth start and acceleration of the car, but it cannot guarantee that the gear in the transmission will not be impacted when shifting. In addition to the full function of the fluid coupling, the torque converter can achieve stepless speed change, so it is currently widely used more than the fluid coupling. However, the ratio of the output torque of the torque converter to the input torque is not enough to meet the requirements of use. Therefore, a stepped mechanical transmission is usually connected in series to form a hydro-mechanical transmission instead of the mechanical transmission. Clutch and transmission. The hydraulic mechanical drive system can automatically realize stepless speed change in several vehicle speed ranges according to the change of road resistance, and the stepped mechanical transmission can also realize automatic or semi-automatic operation, thus making the driver's operation large. For simplification. However, due to its complicated structure, high cost and low mechanical efficiency, in addition to high-class cars and some heavy-duty cars, cars and trucks are rarely used.
Hydrostatic drive train
The hydrostatic drive train is also known as a positive displacement hydraulic drive train. It is mainly composed of an oil pump, a hydraulic motor and a control device. The mechanical energy of the engine is converted into hydraulic energy by the oil pump, which is then converted to mechanical energy by the hydraulic motor. In the illustrated solution, only one terrazzo motor is used to transmit power to the transaxle final drive, and then to the drive wheel via the differential and half shaft. Another option is to have a terrazzo motor on each drive wheel. When the latter solution is adopted, the mechanical transmission parts such as the final reducer, the differential, and the half shaft can cancel the static pressure transmission system. Because of the low mechanical efficiency, high cost, unsatisfactory service life and reliability, it is only at some time. These military vehicles began to be used.
Electric drive train
The electric drive train is mainly composed of an engine-driven generator, a rectifier, an inverter (a device that converts direct current into a variable-frequency alternating current), and an electric wheel (a drive wheel with a traction motor and a wheel reducer inside) And so on. The performance of the electric drive train is similar to that of the hydrostatic drive train, but the mass of the motor is much larger than that of the oil pump and the hydraulic motor, so it is currently limited to applications in super heavy vehicles.
Conclusion
Whether the choice of automotive transmission system is reasonable has a great impact on the dynamic economy of the automobile. The research and design of the automotive transmission system is the core to realize the automation control and energy saving of the automobile. This paper introduces the principle of the automobile transmission and the classification of the transmission system. Understanding these is a great help for improving car performance.
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