The speakers can be connected in series or in parallel. It can also be connected in parallel after being connected in series. The speakers are connected in series and parallel to obtain the required impedance and power output. Let me talk about the theoretical aspects first.
First review the resistance series-parallel problem of junior high school
Series connection: R = R1 + R2 + ... …… Rn.
Parallel connection: 1 / R = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + …… 1/1 / Rn
When the speakers are connected in series or in parallel, we require that the power and impedance are completely the same, preferably speakers of the same brand and model. So the above formula is simplified as:
Series connection: R = NR1
Parallel connection: R = R1 / N
Note: The above formula R represents the total impedance, R1 represents the impedance of a single speaker, and N represents the number of speakers.
When the speakers are connected in series or parallel, usually we are in groups of two. So for example, when two speakers are connected in series, the total impedance is equal to the impedance of a single speaker multiplied by 2, and when two speakers are connected in parallel, the total impedance is equal to the impedance of a single speaker divided by the number of speakers, Alilu Road Audio World.
What about the power consumption of the speakers?
According to the electric power calculation formula P = U2 / R
First look at the case of series connection, because the rated power of the speakers will not change, so the rated power of the two speakers in series is the rated power of a single speaker multiplied by 2. After the speakers are connected in series, the power consumption will not increase, but will decrease. This is because the impedance of the two speakers is the same, so they divide the voltage output by the amplifier, which is:
The power of a single speaker is P1 = (U / 2) 2 / R, which means that each speaker consumes only 1/4 of the power before the series connection, and the total power consumed by the two speakers after the series connection is only the unconnected A single speaker consumes half of the power. So the sound will become smaller, but it also shows that the series of speakers has a lot of power potential.
Look at the parallel situation
Because the two speakers are connected in parallel, the voltage on the two speakers is unchanged and the same, so the power consumed by a single speaker is unchanged, the total power consumed is equal to the power of a single speaker multiplied by 2-this is a test for your power amplifier. The most common in reality is the parallel connection of speakers.
What about the situation of parallel connection after series connection?
The four speakers are connected in series and then in parallel. The total rated power is (P1 + P1) x2, which can also be understood as the sum of the rated power of the four speakers.
Because the two speakers are connected in series and then in parallel, the voltage on each speaker is still only 1/2 of the original, so the actual power consumption of these four speakers is only 1/4 of their rated power. And the speaker group formed not only needs the overall impedance and power matching of the power amplifier and the sound group, but also requires a huge current output.
In theory, a power amplifier has a rated power of 400W (4Ω) and four speakers with a rated power of 100W (4Ω). The four speakers are connected in series and then connected, the total impedance is still 4Ω, but their total rated power can reach 400W (4Ω).
In terms of impedance matching, speakers connected in parallel or series and parallel can save the number of amplifiers and save money. but! If we come back to reality, the above theory may not work. Because live sound reinforcement is not used for various experiments with speakers. It is best to follow the manufacturer's instructions.
Generally speaking, the most commonly used is the parallel connection of speakers, but it should be noted that although some amplifiers can work under the impedance after parallel connection, they may be the end of the crossbow. The amplifier and speaker system may be burned. For example, when a power amplifier has an impedance of 8 ohms, the average maximum output voltage of the amplifier is 100V and the maximum output current is 12A, which is equivalent to outputting 1200w of power. If a second speaker system is connected in parallel, the impedance drops to 4 ohms, and the amplifier should provide twice the current (24A). But this is impossible because the current exceeds its limit.
Some power amplifiers have a "load matching system", such as LAB.GRUPPEN's MLSTM technology. If you find that you can't provide such a strong current, you can switch from 100V X 12A mode to 80V X 15A or 55V X 22A mode. So that you can continue to work.
The speakers are not just connected in series. They are all connected in series and parallel. In the case of a large number of speakers, the series is 16 ohms and then merged into 8 ohms or 4 ohms or even 2 ohms. The number of speakers is large and the power is increased. Your amplifier power Also increase. This kind of "principle" connection can still be used in the case of low-power speakers of the same model. It is undesirable for speakers with high power and different models. In a series circuit, if the impedance of the two speakers is deviated (no two speakers with the same impedance), the one with the larger impedance is larger than the one with the smaller impedance. In addition, if they are connected in series and then connected in parallel, if a burn-out failure occurs in the unit connected in series or the voice coil is short-circuited, the speakers behind may also be involved and damaged.
Therefore, it can be said that the stability and reliability of the speaker system in parallel or series-parallel combination is poor, so you must be very careful when debugging, and you need to make fine adjustments little by little, and avoid being wasteful.
Of course, if you encounter a bunch of speakers and a power amplifier that does not match it, you must combine and match yourself, you must be careful. Careful calculation. Matching. Before combining, confirm the rated power and impedance of each power amplifier; and the rated power and impedance of each speaker. Secondly, we must strictly abide by the matching rules of speakers and amplifiers. For example: two 8 ohm, 350W boxes, the impedance becomes 4 ohms after parallel connection, the total power is 700W, and can be pushed with a 4 ohm 1000W power amplifier. For another example, there are 8 speakers of 100W and 8 Euros, and an 800-watt amplifier (4 Euros) per channel. You can use 4 speakers per channel and connect them in series and then in parallel.
Personally think: it is better to have the same resistance value, the power of the amplifier is 1.5 times that of the speaker; the impedance of the speaker should never be smaller than the impedance of the amplifier when the impedance is really uneven, the impedance of the speaker can be slightly larger than the impedance , But the difference between the two cannot exceed 4 ohms.
Generally speaking, the speakers with built-in crossover cannot be connected in series, otherwise they may appear after the series connection: the positive-end speakers are more normal, and the negative-end speakers are weaker than the positive-end speakers. When the volume is adjusted low, the volume of the positive-end speakers will be greater than Negative speaker. Speakers divided by professional external electronic frequency division can be connected in series. Please also remember that if the speakers have different nominal impedances, they must not be connected in parallel.
Parallel connection of professional speakers is commonly used in engineering, but requires the same power, preferably the same model, 8 Euro speakers can only be connected in parallel, 12 Euro boxes can only be connected in parallel, because the resistance after parallel connection is less than 4 Euros , The power amplifier is easy to be protected, the heat increases significantly, and the sound quality is very noisy, because the power amplifier circuit is mostly designed according to the 4-16 ohm value.
Some imported speakers in the world are frequency-divided. A lot of mid-to-high frequencies are 16 Euros. This kind of clearing depends on the clearing. Generally, manufacturers will have professional guidance in the manual.
Ohm's law, the current in a conductor is proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance. This is Ohm's law. Let I denote the current through the conductor, U denote the voltage across the conductor, and R denote the resistance of the conductor. Ohm's law can be written as a formula:
I = U / R. Power calculation formula: P = UI; P = U2 / R; P = I2R
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