The car is made up of a large number of components, and the variety of accessories varies depending on the model. At present, the sales of parts are generally managed by warehouse management. The efficiency of manual management is low, the labor intensity of personnel is large, and it is not conducive to the collection, arrangement and circulation of information. Therefore, it is necessary to realize computer management in auto parts management. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is a popular technology, which is applied to the management of auto parts warehouse, which can effectively solve the management problem of information related to warehouse material flow.
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2, RFlD overview
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic control product integrating computer technology, information acquisition and processing technology, wireless data transmission technology, network data communication technology, mechanical and electronic automatic control technology and other multi-disciplinary applications. Automatic identification of various objects, equipment, vehicles and personnel in different states (moving, stationary) at long distances.
The RFID system consists of two parts: software and hardware: the software part includes application software and embedded software, which together support the operation of the whole system for information collection, identification, processing and transmission; the hardware part is composed of transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. The antenna tuner, reader/writer and label are used to complete information collection and recognition, and realize preset system functions and information management objectives. RFID is similar to bar code scanning. For bar code technology, it attaches the encoded bar code to the target and uses a dedicated scanning reader to transmit information from the strip magnet to the scanning reader using optical signals; A dedicated RFID reader and a dedicated RFID unit attachable to the target are used to transmit information from the RFID unit to the RFID reader using RF signals.
The RFID unit carries various types of related information about the target object, such as the name of the target object, the start and end point of the target transportation, the transit point, and the specific time when the target object passes through a certain place. RFID technology works by using radio frequency for non-contact two-way communication to achieve identification purposes and exchange data. Unlike contact-based identification technology, the RFID system's transponder and reader can be identified without contact, so it can be used in a wider range of applications.
3. New model of auto parts logistics management
With the continuous development of China's logistics industry, the service capabilities of logistics enterprises are constantly improving. Under the framework of the original parts logistics market supply system, a unified professional logistics distribution network is established, and advanced information technology is used to integrate resources. Realizing the sharing of information should be a basic strategy. Figure 1 shows the basic model of zero parts logistics operation. The Parts Logistics Center is a comprehensive coordination center that integrates the product resources of multiple parts manufacturers and distributes them to users (ie, vehicle production plants, 4s stores, distributors, and comprehensive maintenance companies) through regional distribution centers. With the logistics center as the core supply chain, each node in the supply chain is based on information sharing, establishes a mutual coordination mechanism and a strategic alliance partnership, and reduces the logistics cost under the premise of meeting the ECR. Achieve the ideal goal of benefiting all parties in the supply chain.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the basic logistics network of spare parts
In order to achieve ECR, the supply chain must establish a logistics information system based on computer networks. The current bar code technology has improved the automation level of the distribution center to a certain extent, but due to the insurmountable defects of the barcode itself (for example, the barcode can only be scanned at one time, the information on the barcode cannot be changed, etc.), so that it cannot be satisfied. The demand for gas vehicle parts logistics management. Because of its unique long-distance, non-contact identification, anti-collision, large capacity, fast recognition speed and strong anti-interference ability, RFID technology provides the possibility of realizing the management informationization of gas distribution logistics center.
4. RFID-based auto parts management system
The RFID system consists of two parts: software and hardware: the software part includes application software and embedded software, which together support the operation of the whole system for information collection, identification, processing and transmission; the hardware part is composed of transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. The antenna tuner, reader/writer and label are used to complete information collection and recognition, and realize preset system functions and information management objectives.
4.1 Hardware structure of the auto parts management system
A basic RFID system generally includes the following components: Tag: An information carrier in an RFID system. Attached to the surface of the object to be identified, storing information of the target, such as functional characteristics, performance indicators, and the like.
The tags are divided into active tags and passive tags: passive tags do not contain batteries and are disposables. They only respond when activated by the transmitting station; active tags contain batteries, which can be active to any nearby receiver. Send information without interruption. Reader: An information collection device in an RFID system that reads information from or writes information to a tag. The reader reads the information and decodes it, and sends it to the central information system for processing. It can be designed as a handheld or fixed type, which can read and recognize the electronic data stored in the electronic tag without contact, so as to automatically recognize the object. The reader is usually connected to the computer through the RS232 or RS485 interface of the reader, or uses WLAN technology for data transmission. The read tag information is transmitted to the computer for further processing. Antenna: Transmits RF signals between tags and readers.
4.2 Software structure of the auto parts management system
The auto parts management software is mainly composed of the following parts.
(1) Registration of auto parts. The registration of auto parts can be specifically divided into registration of registration and manual registration. The registration of the auto parts logo must be completed at the production stage of the parts. Before the auto parts are shipped from the factory, their identification information, such as the product name, model number, applicable model, production date, manufacturer, main materials, etc., have been determined. When we should register the identification information of the auto parts and the serial number stored in the transponder embedded in the auto parts, the auto parts database is registered in one-to-one correspondence. At the same time, some information is not displayed by the auto parts identification. For example, what kind of transportation method is used for the accessory, which transportation route to take, etc., all need to be manually entered by the warehouse administrator.
(2) Statistics and inquiries of data. This function is provided for the managers of auto parts enterprises to facilitate warehouse managers to conduct product information inquiry, customer information inquiry, warehouse record inquiry, out/inbound information inquiry, and return information inquiry. For example, a warehouse manager needs to count how many "left mirrors" in the warehouse, or Toyota fire lines with the model "YH50 2Y", etc., so you must consider the various query and combination query functions of the logo.
(3) Report. Reporting resources are an important part of office resources and the most needed resources for decision makers at all levels. The report module provides a variety of report templates, such as reports submitted on time, reports by type of auto parts, sales statistics forecast reports, and so on. Users can output a variety of reports correctly with a small amount of settings on this template.
(4) Daily business management. This function is mainly for the convenience of auto parts warehouse administrators to carry out daily warehousing, delivery, and return management. The composition of the system is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 System composition diagram
4.3 RFID-based auto parts management system compatible with other management systems
The information collected by RFID can be linked to the manufacturing information management system to support other management activities such as production management and logistics management. For example, GM's Wuling Motors uses Rockwell Automation's ControlLogix control system and IBM's ABI automotive manufacturing information system application software platform. The ControlLogix control system captures the movement information of the body by controlling the scanning and identification equipment in the shop floor. This information will be transmitted to the relational database of ABI application software in real time. The combination of RFID information collection and upper management system greatly improves the efficiency and level of production management and logistics management.
4.4 Problems
There are two factors affecting the rapid spread of RFID technology in various industries: First, the cost is relatively high. At present, the price of electronic tags is much higher than that of bar codes. Together with the reader and back-end software systems, the investment in RFID systems relative to bar code systems is very large. Second, the standards are not uniform. So far, the frequency, coding, storage rules, and data formats used by various RFID manufacturers are different. Different readers and tags are difficult to match, and data exchange and collaborative work cannot be smoothly performed between enterprises and enterprises.
RFID technology is confined to the inside of the enterprise. The cost issue has always been a major problem that plagues the widespread use of RFID technology. Because of the high cost of the entire vehicle and parts itself, if the technology can be used correctly, the acquisition cost of RFID is relatively low. At the same time, RFID technology is also evolving. There are two specific directions worthy of attention. One is the production of semiconductor plastics and semiconductor ink technology, which can be the best way to reduce the cost of RFID technology. The other is the development of a modular hardware platform for readers and an embedded software operating system. Technological breakthroughs and cost reductions will be gradually realized. In terms of RFID standards, there are currently two major technical standards camps: one is the MIT-based AutolDCenter (EPCgloba1); the other is the Japanese UbiquitouslD Center (UID). At present, the two camps are trying to find ways to actively promote the internationalization of their standards. I believe that in the near future, under the impetus of the global integration wave, the standard problem will be solved.
5, application prospects
The application of RFID technology in the management of auto parts warehouse can effectively solve the information management problems related to the flow of warehouse materials. The RFID tag can be attached to a tray, a package or a component in the warehouse. The tag contains component specifications, serial numbers and the like. When the material passes through the RFID reader installed at the preset location, the inventory information can be automatically completed. inventory. The wireless local area network transmits the data to the background management information system for sharing, and the command center can obtain the real-time material storage information. The entire process no longer requires the custodian to use the handheld barcode scanner to scan the storage materials one by one, which will greatly speed up the circulation of materials in the logistics supply chain, reduce manual operation errors, reduce management costs, and improve the efficiency of warehouse management.
At the same time, the use of RFID enables warehouses to quickly and accurately understand their inventory levels and prevent out-of-stocks that may result from cargo wear and statistical errors. The use of RFID technology can also quickly and accurately locate a large number of materials to find urgently needed items.
At the same time, RFID technology has a very good application prospect in the tracking of goods in transit. An electronic tag is attached to the auto parts, a radio frequency information reading point is set along the way, an RFID information reader is installed, and the entire auto parts management system information platform is networked. When the part reads the point through the information, the data is automatically obtained from the electronic tag by the fixed RFID information reader, and the database of the auto parts management system is transmitted in real time to realize information sharing. Allows the librarian to get the right cargo information in real time and track, record and locate the movement of the goods throughout the supply chain.
At the same time, the use of electronic tags to record and store the transportation contents and information of auto parts, also eliminates many links that require manual processing, and also enables all programs and information systems in the entire supply chain system to achieve fast, accurate and consistent information transmission. The automobile industry has always been at the forefront of the transformation and innovation of manufacturing production methods, and with its huge scale and extensive links with various sectors of the social economy, it has promoted the transformation of manufacturing methods around the world. In this process, the application of information technology provides strong technical support for the change and guarantees the success of the change. Therefore, the automotive industry is often the forerunner of emerging information technology applications. The development of RFID technology in China has just started, so it has great development prospects.
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