As autopilot technology becomes more and more mature, people are more familiar with autopilot. Among them, ADAS technology plays a very important role in autonomous driving. In recent years, the ADAS market has grown rapidly. Originally, such systems were limited to the high-end market and are now entering the mid-market. At the same time, many low-tech applications are more common in entry-level passenger vehicles, and new and improved sensor technologies are also being developed. Create new opportunities and strategies for system deployment.
What is ADAS?
The Advanced Driver Assistant System (ADAS) uses a variety of sensors installed in the car to collect environmental data inside and outside the vehicle at the first time to identify, detect and track static and dynamic objects. Technical handling, which allows the driver to detect the dangers that may occur in the shortest possible time, to attract attention and improve the safety of active safety technology. The sensors used in ADAS are mainly cameras, radar, lasers and ultrasonics. They can detect light, heat, pressure or other variables used to monitor the state of the car. They are usually located in the front and rear bumpers, side mirrors, inside the steering column or in the wind. On the glass. Early ADAS technologies focused on passive alarms. When the vehicle detected a potential hazard, an alarm was issued to alert the driver to an abnormal vehicle or road condition. Proactive intervention is also common for the latest ADAS technologies.
ADAS application technology
(1) Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) basic rear view camera
The rearview camera system helps the driver to find objects or people behind the car so that they can reverse and securely park in place while ensuring safety. A 1 megapixel high dynamic range (HDR) camera is deployed in advanced systems, and cost-effective high-speed Ethernet connectivity and video compression are achieved through unshielded twisted pair. Other system requirements include the appropriate physical layer interface and power supply. The smart rearview camera analyzes the video content locally for object and pedestrian detection. In addition, they support comprehensive local image processing and graphic overlay creation. They measure object distance and trigger brake intervention. This feature helps the driver to safely reverse the car and allow them to park in the parking space. Freescale's high integration and low power consumption enable the development of extremely small camera modules. The smart rearview camera uses the same interface as the simple analog camera, providing an attractive upgrade path.
(2) Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) front view camera
The camera system in the advanced driver assistance system can analyze video content to provide lane departure warning (LDW), automatic lane keeping assistance (LKA), high beam/low beam control, and traffic sign recognition (TSR). In the forward-looking black-and-white camera, the image sensor provides incoming video frames to the dual-core MCU with DSP extension for image processing. Other system requirements include the provision of appropriate physical communication interfaces, power supplies, optional DRAM, and embedded flash memory that reduces system cost.
(3) Sensors of ADAS
The advanced driver assistance system is based on different sensor technologies. The 77GHz radar sensor has been used for many years on the active cruise control system (ACC) on high-end luxury cars. The system's sensors measure the speed of the vehicle ahead and the distance between the two vehicles, while monitoring the speed and spacing of the vehicle. The airborne lidar (Lidar) sensor, which has been used in the mid-size sedan and economy sedan markets, is a relatively economical choice for remote sensors. Compared to radar, this sensor emits laser pulses and detects light reflected from other objects. The interval with other objects can be calculated by the time the signal is delayed. .
The short-range radar sensor operates at 24 GHz and is used to monitor objects around the vehicle. Such sensors are typically mounted on the side of the vehicle and their information is used for blind spot detection (BSD) and line-assisted (LCA) functions, such as when an object appears in a blind spot or when a neighboring lane vehicle enters a blind spot, an alert is issued to the driver. In the next step, its information can be combined with the navigation system to better achieve vehicle guidance. A 24 GHz radar sensor mounted in front of or behind the vehicle can be used to prevent collisions.
Video sensors are capable of monitoring image information such as the size and shape of side objects. Video sensors can monitor other road users, traffic numbers, and road signs. The information sent by the sensor enables lane departure warning and traffic signal identification.
Information on other infrastructure such as traffic numbers, turns or hillsides can be obtained by mapping. Ultrasonic sensors are used in low speed situations, such as parking, while not requiring a high detection range. And internal data can be collected and made available to other vehicles. Traffic density is monitored by car-to-car communication.
In addition, data obtained through different sensors can be fused to each other to increase system functionality or enhance existing functionality. For example, the integration of radar, camera and airborne lidar with navigation data is important to improve vehicle performance. By combining the information from the camera and the map, the recognition rate of the traffic identification system can be improved. The detected traffic numbers are compared to eHorizon's data, and eHorizon can support the capabilities of ADAS by providing specific information about the road infrastructure based on navigation data. Calculating the confidence level will determine which traffic number to display to the driver. The fusion of these sensors also gives them a new feature, the SensiTIve Guidance, a navigation system that incorporates a radar or camera system. The output of the navigation system is adapted to traffic conditions, radar or camera sensors, such as monitoring vehicles in blind spots or in other lanes.
Future development trend
The development of advanced driver assistance systems can be analyzed from two perspectives of technology and market application. From the perspective of technology research and development, the development of advanced driver assistance systems is usually led by the government and funded to set up relevant research projects to support and promote the development of technology, while the actual development work is carried out by OEMs and component manufacturers or independent Or cooperated. From the perspective of market application, because governments and consumers are deeply aware of the importance of reducing the frequency of accidents and mitigating accidents, advanced driving assistance systems, as cutting-edge active safety technologies, can effectively reduce the frequency of most accident types. Therefore, on the one hand, governments have enacted legislation requiring mandatory installation of some proven advanced driver assistance system technology as a standard configuration in automobiles, hoping to protect drivers, passengers, pedestrians and other road users; Consumers' high regard for driving safety also makes the market demand for advanced driver assistance system technology increasingly growing.
Development status of China's advanced driver assistance system
Due to the late start of the automobile industry in the domestic market, the starting point is low. The development of the driver assistance system representing advanced automobile technology is insufficient. At present, the state has not yet introduced relevant plans to promote the development of the driver assistance system technology. Domestic automakers are limited by capital and R&D capabilities, and invest less in the development of advanced driver assistance systems. In terms of policies, China has not yet introduced mandatory installation regulations for advanced driver assistance system related technologies. However, for daytime running lights and tire pressure monitoring systems installed in the domestic market, the state has introduced mandatory technical regulations and implemented them. .
Combining the development of technology itself with the specific needs of China's road traffic environment and consumers, we can summarize the development trend of advanced driver assistance system technology in the Chinese market:
(1) From the perspective of technological development, as consumers' attention to car safety will only become higher and higher, advanced driver assistance systems will continue to develop for a long time to come. At the same time, advanced driver assistance systems are transforming from a single technology independent development to an integrated active safety system. Multiple technologies can share sensors, control systems and other platforms. Once the vehicle is equipped with basic ESP, ACC and other technologies, it can be easily And the addition of other safe driving assistance technologies at a lower cost will further promote the application of advanced driver assistance system technology in automobiles.
(2) Some relatively low-end and practical advanced driving assistance system technologies, such as tire pressure monitoring system and ESP electronic stability system, have been fully recognized by the market, driven by strong demand, in the low-end market. The penetration rate will increase steadily.
(3) Chinese consumers have shown significant attention and demand for hedging aids and vision improvement technologies, which will surely become the main growth point in this field in the next stage.
(4) Some technologies that require high roads, such as lane change assistance, lane departure warning, ACC, etc., and technologies that do not conform to Chinese consumers' driving habits, such as lane keeping systems, driver fatigue detection, alcohol prohibition systems, etc. It may face a slow development for a long time.
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