After completing the surveillance camera installation project, there are several important steps to ensure the system functions properly and meets the client's expectations. Here is a detailed summary of the process:
The first step involves creating detailed design drawings based on the site conditions and customer requirements. These drawings are essential for planning the layout, positioning, and cabling of the cameras. Once the customer approves the design, preparations for the actual installation begin. This includes gathering all necessary equipment, materials, tools, and assigning the right personnel to the project.
The second step is determining the transmission method. Depending on the number and placement of the cameras, different transmission options can be used. For short distances (under 3 km), coaxial cables are typically used. However, their length is limited, so a cable compensator can extend the range by about 2-3 km. But it’s important to note that these compensators cannot be cascaded indefinitely—only 2-3 are recommended to maintain signal quality. A video amplifier can also be used, ideally placed near the monitor, but again, it should not be cascaded endlessly.
For longer distances over 3 km, fiber optic cables are the best choice due to their reliability and high data capacity. If laying fiber isn’t feasible, wireless transmission can be an alternative. This includes high-frequency open-circuit or microwave transmission. For distances under 10 km, high-frequency open-circuit is suitable, while microwave is better for longer ranges. If there are obstacles affecting the signal, microwave repeaters can be added. In large systems, fiber optics are strongly recommended to prevent issues like delayed video transmission.
Choosing the right wire is crucial. It’s important to use high-quality cables to avoid unexpected problems that could delay the project and increase costs. Outdoor wiring often uses SYV-75-9, while indoor wiring under 500 meters can use SYV-75-5. For long-distance connections, single-mode fiber is preferred, and multi-mode fiber is suitable for shorter distances. Twisted pair cables can be a cost-effective option in certain situations, helping to reduce unnecessary expenses.
Wiring must follow technical standards such as JBJ16-83 and GBJ42-81. Cables, control lines, and power lines should be separated, with at least 0.3 meters between them. Non-metallic conduits should be made from non-combustible materials. In areas with strong interference, cables should be run through metal pipes and buried underground.
Wiring should be neat, straight, and free from kinks or damage. Labels should be durable, lasting at least 10 years, and the overall layout should be safe, concealed, and aesthetically pleasing. Signal transmission must be stable and reliable, and the system should be easy to inspect and maintain.
Power supply is another critical aspect. Surveillance cameras typically use DC12V, AC12V, or AC220V. If voltage fluctuations exceed ±10%, a regulated power supply should be used. The power supply capacity should be 1.5 times the total system power. Power can be supplied either centrally, where all devices draw from one source, or distributed, where power is taken close to each camera. Centralized power is generally more stable and less prone to interference, but distributed power may be needed for cameras far from the control room.
By following these steps carefully, the surveillance system will be efficient, reliable, and tailored to meet the specific needs of the client.
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