Software radio is a revolutionary approach that relies on a standardized, modular hardware platform, allowing software to define the functionality of a radio system. Unlike traditional radios, which are built with dedicated, hardware-specific circuits, software radio minimizes reliance on single-purpose analog components and brings digitization as close to the antenna as possible. This design allows for greater flexibility, as the system’s capabilities can be updated or expanded through software changes rather than hardware modifications. The architecture emphasizes open standards and programmability, enabling continuous upgrades and adaptability to new communication protocols.
At its core, a software radio system includes an antenna, a broadband RF converter, A/D and D/A converters, and a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The key innovation lies in replacing fixed digital circuits with highly programmable DSPs, which allow the system's functions and structure to evolve independently of physical hardware. These processors handle tasks such as intermediate frequency (IF) processing, baseband signal manipulation, and bit stream management. The modular and open nature of the platform enables different functionalities to be implemented by simply loading appropriate software, making it easy to reconfigure or expand the system without major hardware changes.
However, this flexibility comes at a cost. Software radio requires high-performance hardware, including a broadband RF front-end, wideband A/D and D/A converters, and fast DSPs capable of operating at frequencies up to hundreds of megahertz. Due to the high data rates involved, the system must operate with multiple CPUs in parallel to meet real-time processing demands. Additionally, the system bus must support extremely high I/O transfer rates to manage the large volumes of data generated during signal conversion and processing.
Beijing Taispeed Technology Co., Ltd. has developed an advanced software radio platform based on the CPCI architecture, compliant with the PICMG2.0 D3.0 standard. It features two TI TMS320C6455 DSPs and a Xilinx FPGA model XC5VSX95T-1FF1136C, offering a powerful solution for complex radio applications. The system is designed for scalability, performance, and flexibility, making it ideal for modern communication systems.
The system architecture includes a high-speed ADC with 2 channels, using the ADS62P49 device, which supports a maximum sampling rate of 250MSPS and 14-bit resolution. The input signal is set at 1V with a 50-ohm impedance, and the interface uses SMA connectors. On the DAC side, the AD9777 provides two output channels with a conversion rate of 160MHz and 14-bit precision, also with 1V amplitude and 50-ohm impedance.
The DSP section runs at 1GHz, with support for up to 1.2GHz. It includes an independent memory bus with 512MB of DDR2-500 onboard. The PCI interface supports both Master and Slave modes, with options for 32-bit/33MHz or 32-bit/66MHz operation. The dual DSPs and FPGA communicate via EMIF and McBSP interfaces, with EMIF supporting widths of 16, 32, and 64 bits at up to 100MHz. The system also includes 32MB–128MB of Nor Flash, a Gigabit network interface, and a RapidIO link between the two C6455 chips, providing a bidirectional transfer rate of up to 10 Gbps.
The FPGA used is the Xilinx XC5VSX95T-1FF1136C, part of the Virtex-5 series. It features 160 x 54 logic cells, 120KB of RAM, 640 DSP48E slices, and 16 RocketIO GTP transceivers. The FPGA supports up to 2GB of external DDR2 memory and includes SMA interfaces for reference clock input and event trigger signals. It also provides dial code input and LED indicators for status monitoring.
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