Based on the purpose of improving the reliability of seasonal load photovoltaic solar street lamps, a new generation of adaptive simple solar energy for circuit lamp controller design is adopted, which charges and discharges the battery through power regulation, power detection, remaining power calculation and networking functions. And intelligent control of street lights on, off, maximum power tracking, etc., improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells, extend the service life of batteries, and reduce product cost. It is concluded that the adaptive simple solar energy supply circuit light controller is to improve the reliability of the seasonal load photovoltaic solar road system.
Dayangneng Street Lamps are widely recognized for their advantages of not needing to lay cables and consuming conventional energy. However, there are still some problems in solar street lamps, which result in high cost and unstable reliability. For example, batteries often need to be replaced in less than one year, which not only increases the cost of post-maintenance, but also increases the cost of customers and also causes resources. waste. Secondly, solar energy is unstable energy, and the energy distribution is uneven. The energy in summer is sufficient, but the street lamp is used for a short time, and the effective light time in winter is short. However, the street lamp is used for a long time, which greatly reduces the reliability of operation. The reason is mainly due to the solar street lamp. The impact of controller performance. The solar controller is the core part of the solar photovoltaic system. It mainly completes the charging and discharging of the battery, the dimming and the opening and closing of the street lamp, and the timely and effective system when the overcharge, overdischarge, overload, etc. occur. Ground protection, ensuring lighting time, ensuring reliability, effectively extending battery life and reducing costs.
1 Main design requirements and development stages of solar street light controllers
The main requirements for the technology and quality of solar street light controllers are:
1) The power supply system, according to the characteristics of the solar street light battery board, should be designed as a constant current output:
2) Overcharge, over discharge protection;
3) has system power adjustment function;
4) Establish a network control system;
5) According to market requirements, the product is modular.
The development of solar street light controller has experienced three stages until now: the first generation function is relatively simple, the switch light control needs an external photosensitive sensor, the timing time can not be set, there is no battery protection circuit, the system life is very short, very fast It was eliminated by the market: on the basis of the first generation, the second generation set up a battery protection circuit, collects the photosensitive data through the solar street lamp battery component, and sets the timing through the switch or the program, which has a step-by-step development in technology and is gradually being Market Acceptance: The third-generation streetlight controller is based on the PWM charging control function of most merchants, which trickles the battery to effectively extend the battery life and reduce the cost of use, thus further expanding the market share.
A good controller can make up for and even solve many problems of pure solar street lamps and improve their reliability. The white-adapted solar-powered circuit lamp needs to develop a fourth-generation controller, which is characterized by a white-adapted lamp power adjustment function. The power detection and remaining power calculation are necessary: ​​at the same time, it has a networking function, so that the entire street can be maintained. The street lights are of the same brightness and can communicate.
2 Adaptive simple solar energy for lamp controller design
Recently, various modern control theories, such as white adaptive control, self-learning control, fuzzy logic control, neural network control and other advanced control theories and algorithms are also widely used in photovoltaic power generation systems. Among them, the adaptive control of solar energy for the design of the circuit light controller is a technology worthy of advancement.
2.1 Design goals
White-adapted solar energy for circuit light design goals: mainly for branch roads and residential roads and pedestrian road lights for pedestrians and non-motor vehicles. For street lighting systems with south wind power or wind and solar complement, this design is also suitable: due to solar energy Reliability and the strictness of the lighting design standards of the main roads. The solar power supply is more complicated than the design of the street lamp controller of the mains supply. If the system control requires solar energy and mains switching, it is simplified on the basis of this design. All right. The target location is located in Beijing.
2.2 Adaptive Simple Solar Energy Supply Circuit Controller Design Features and Functions
The purpose of the white-adapted solar-powered circuit light controller design scheme is to achieve cost reduction and reliability improvement through precise control. It mainly has the following characteristics and functions (taking the solar street lamp energy storage device as a lead-acid battery as an example):
1) MPPT circuit
According to the characteristics of the solar street lamp battery board, if the output voltage of the solar street lamp battery array is controlled to a certain constant voltage value, the solar cell is approximately at the maximum power point throughout the working process, and the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell module is highest. The PWM technology is used to achieve constant current to the LED by voltage regulation, thus ensuring the reliable use of the LED. 141. The STPT special chip SPV1020 of STMicroelectronics is used. The tracking efficiency can reach 98%, and the energy conversion efficiency is 95%. In theory, the use of MPPT technology will increase the efficiency by 50% compared with the traditional method. In actual test, the final efficiency can be increased by 20%-30% due to the surrounding environment and the loss of energy.
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