1 Introduction
Looking back on the development process of urban landscape lighting in China, in the time and space spanning 20 years of arc, it has experienced from "nothing" to "having", from "small" to "big", from "lighting" to "beauty", from "popularity" "To "Ya", from "construction practice" to "theory research" in different historical stages. It also experienced cognitive processes from blindness to thinking and from sensibility to rationality. Budding, development, improvement, persistence, and deliberation, shouldering different historical missions in different historical periods. With the advancement of lighting technology, the level of urban night lighting has been continuously improved, gradually forming the overall night landscape of the city, and incorporating the beauty, creating a "light culture." The night is bright and beautiful, bringing vitality and improving people's happiness index. It also brings business opportunities to the business and promotes economic development such as tourism.
In the face of achievements, we should also be good at summing up and constantly reflecting. Especially in the context of the increasingly mature engineering construction system, energy shortage, and global environmental pollution, we should think more about the concept of rational lighting.
Rational lighting, using light, using less light, using good light, creating a world of harmony between light and shadow, light and color.
2. Rational lighting concept analysis
2.1 Rational concept
Rationality means that when people are in a normal state of mind, they have confidence and courage to encounter things without panic. After comprehensive understanding and summarization, and as soon as possible, they can use one of the various schemes to operate or process them properly. The effect that the event requires. Reason is an act based on the result of normal thinking. The meaning of reason lies in being responsible for the social mission of its own existence and beyond itself. From the philosophical epistemology, rationality refers to the human mind, judgment, reasoning and other forms of thinking and thinking activities; rationality is often seen as a unique spirit of human beings to regulate and control human desires and behaviors. power. Some scholars also think from the perspective of economics that the so-called rationality is to maximize the utility under the constraints. The essence is whether people seek to maximize under the constraints according to the constraints they have and the information structure they have.
"Rational" is relative to sensibility. Sensibility is defined in the Chinese word formation, and its first impression is "emotional, sensory". The interpretation of the Chinese Dictionary: "Intuitive perceptions of perceptions, perceptions, and representations that occur in the sensory organs of human beings. It can be seen that rationality and sensibility are interrelated and antagonistic.
2.2 Understanding the concept of rational lighting
According to the concept of rationality, rational lighting is to advocate and require us to implement lighting engineering, design, construction and other systems engineering, grasp the lighting objects, conduct a comprehensive understanding and analysis, take every link and object seriously, and make correct and fine The lighting planning, design plan, construction plan, the pursuit of maximum effect under the constraints, responsible for the best effect of the lighting subject, responsible for environmental protection, responsible for energy conservation and other social missions. Oppose the sense of the chief, oppose the disorderly planning, oppose the construction of the comparison, oppose the graffiti design, make quick success, and make judgments based on subjective consciousness.
Constraints include relevant national and local lighting regulations, policies, principles, methods, functional functions of lighting carriers, architectural shapes, structures, architects' design ideas, intentions, and many other aspects.
3. Connotation of rational lighting
3.1 Clear lighting purposes
The fundamental purpose of lighting is to meet the visual requirements of people. Indoor lighting, outdoor environmental lighting, road lighting, etc. should first meet their functional requirements.
The purpose of urban landscape lighting is to dress the regional human landscape and natural landscape with light and shadow, light and color through different lighting methods and means, and to express the shape, structure, characteristics and personality characteristics of the regional buildings, bridges and other carriers. Show its charm, essence and aura, create a beautiful and comfortable night light environment for people, bring people unlimited imagination and spiritual touch. When we are in the world, we will naturally appreciate the artistic charm of light and shadow.
The purpose of landscape lighting is also to combine the lighting elements into an organic whole to form a beautiful and spectacular light picture to express the city's night image. Through the life of “lightâ€, she integrates culture, art, science and technology with the urban environment, so that the city image can be recreated in the night, creating a city-specific cultural atmosphere and excavating the historical and cultural heritage of the city. , showing the connotation of modern culture. The urban night landscape is the re-creation of the daytime landscape and the sublimation. The beautiful scenery is a painting of light painting and light sculpture. The shaping of artistic conception makes people who are busy during the day meet the requirements of the spiritual level. From the noble and elegant light art and light culture atmosphere, people get a high level of enjoyment of artistic and cultural appreciation, and the body and mind will be stretched. High-level and targeted light art and light culture ideas will also play an inspiring, ideological and aesthetic orientation role for people. Under the illuminating environment of landscape lighting, people are inspired by the spirit, enjoy life, and love life, thus inspiring a strong work enthusiasm, and ultimately stimulating social stability, harmony and progress. The improvement of the happiness index will play a role as a power source that cannot be underestimated in the process of mental change. Therefore, the construction of urban landscape lighting is an important aspect of urban beautification, an important carrier for displaying the image of the city, and an important indicator of the degree of urban economic and social development and the construction of spiritual civilization.
Therefore, we should think rationally about the purpose of urban landscape lighting. This is the primary condition for lighting planning, design, construction and management.
3.2 Understanding the relationship between light and shadow
In the whole process of urban landscape lighting planning, design and construction, planners, designers, engineers and technicians must seriously understand light, study light, use light, understand the nature and characteristics of light, and grasp the methods and techniques of lighting. To create a society where light and shadow, light and color are harmonious.
We must master the characteristics of "light", use the relationship between "light" and "shadow", grasp the scale of "light" and "color", avoid abuse of colored light, and do not over-bright or brighten all the carriers. There is no light without light, and light and shadow are accompanied by each other; light and color follow, harmony echoes. Landscape lighting can't ignore the "shadow". To highlight the key parts, use "shadow" to support the existence of "light" and express the beauty of "light carrier". Do not submerge the city in the ocean of light. "Light" and "shadow" are a harmonious unity of contradictions. "Light" is the creator of "shadow", "shadow" reflects the existence of "light", and illumination is the medium and means of expressing them. You can't just focus on "light" and ignore "shadow." Do not illuminate all the carriers. To highlight the key points, use "shadows" to support the existence of "light" and express the beauty of "light carriers." Not the brighter the better.
Through rational organization of light, color, brightness, and motion, a well-organized and orderly visual order is created. In the expression technique, grasp the use of light and shadow, light and dark, and colored light to make it compatible with architectural and environmental functions. The planned urban lighting environment should be within the overall scope of the city, macroscopically reflecting the order of lights built on the large scale of the entire city, against blind comparison. The sub-environment of the lights in each region should be integrated into the overall order and cannot be independent.
In addition, the image of the image, the construction of the space, the emphasis of the key, the decorative environment and other objects are also the functional characteristics of light. Everything in the world can only be perceived by human beings under the influence of light.